People usually ask this as if it’s a single yes/no answer. It isn’t. Your destination country’s rule is only half of it — your origin country’s rule is the other half, and the two don’t always agree.
Germany changed this materially in 2024: the reform dropped the general requirement to renounce a prior citizenship, so dual citizenship is now the norm for new German citizens, not the exception.
Most of the rest of this guide’s destination countries still expect renunciation as a general rule, with exceptions that vary — some waive it when the origin country makes renunciation legally impossible or unreasonably difficult, or for specific categories like refugees. The exact exception list is country-specific and worth confirming directly with that country’s naturalisation office rather than assuming a blanket rule either way.
Even where your destination country doesn’t require renunciation, your origin country might force the issue from its own side. India is the clearest example: Indian law doesn’t recognise dual citizenship at all, and a citizen who voluntarily takes up a foreign citizenship automatically loses Indian citizenship under the Citizenship Act — regardless of what Germany or any other destination country requires. The Philippines runs the opposite way: Republic Act 9225 explicitly lets natural-born Filipinos reacquire or retain Philippine citizenship after naturalising elsewhere.
Check both sides before you assume anything. A destination country that no longer requires renunciation doesn’t help you if your own country’s law takes your original citizenship away automatically anyway.